P0420 reports that the catalyst monitor measured efficiency below its calibrated threshold. Exhaust leaks, sensor behavior, misfires, and mixture problems can affect the evidence the monitor sees.
Check for other codes and resolve engine-running problems first. A converter should be condemned only after the related tests support that conclusion.
Quick educational note
For information, not a diagnosis or repair instruction. Vehicle-specific checks are still required. Consult the manufacturer's guidance and a qualified technician.
How to use this information
This article explains general principles and does not establish what is wrong with your vehicle. Read the content limitations.